{"id":5952,"date":"2023-02-01T10:52:10","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T03:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/?p=5952"},"modified":"2023-04-08T11:20:19","modified_gmt":"2023-04-08T04:20:19","slug":"tiet-kiem-thuc-an-giai-phap-cho-chan-nuoi-ben-vung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/news\/tiet-kiem-thuc-an-giai-phap-cho-chan-nuoi-ben-vung\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m Th\u1ee9c \u0102n: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. N\u0103m 2021, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n 24 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean 12 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n ng\u00f4, 6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ean 1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n DDGS\u2026v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 97% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac gia c\u1ea7m l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 gia c\u1ea7m \u2026Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan trong v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn (<\/strong>60-75%) trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 60% ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c bon trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 gia c\u1ea7m l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c bon ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ti\u00eau ch\u00ed h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c \u0103n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, ti\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i\u2026<\/p>\n

Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 gia c\u1ea7m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

1. TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M NGU\u1ed2N\u00a0<\/strong>N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG B\u1eb0NG C\u00c2N B\u1eb0NG N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG THU\u1ea6N NE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c \u0103n, th\u1ee9c \u0103n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfm \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 50% c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0103n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a DE ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ME v\u00ec: 1) N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u00ec n\u00f3 do nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. 2) Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i thi\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 3) Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DE ho\u1eb7c ME n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ea7n (NE) v\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a\/trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NE c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o protein v\u00e0 b\u00e9o. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NE \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau: v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, protein th\u00f4, b\u00e9o, x\u01a1 th\u00f4, ADF, NDF, tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb DE, ME, NE v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh NE:<\/p>\n

NE = (0.700 x DE) + (1.61 x EE) + (0.48 x Tinh b\u1ed9t) \u2013 (0.91 x Protein th\u00f4) \u2013 (0.87 x ADF)<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ME c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4 (95%) nh\u01b0ng NE c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 (75%). Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt tinh b\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t cao protein, n\u00ean con v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a h\u1ea5p thu protein h\u01a1n n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb NE th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ea7n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ng\u00f4. Theo Hans H. Stein 2020, \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u1ee3n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 NE\/ME c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o l\u00e0 90%, tinh b\u1ed9t l\u00e0 82%, protein l\u00e0 60% trong khi c\u1ee7a x\u01a1 t\u1eeb 0-60%.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. So s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng (NRC 2012)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Stt<\/td>\nM\u1ee5c<\/td>\n\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/td>\nNg\u00f4<\/td>\nKh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng SBM<\/td>\nSo s\u00e1nh SBM\/Ng\u00f4 (%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4 GE<\/td>\nKcal\/kg<\/td>\n4.453<\/td>\n4.720<\/td>\n106<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a DE<\/td>\nKcal\/kg<\/td>\n3.908<\/td>\n4.021<\/td>\n103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ME<\/td>\nKcal\/kg<\/td>\n3.844<\/td>\n3.652<\/td>\n95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ea7n NE<\/td>\nKcal\/kg<\/td>\n3.025<\/td>\n2.262<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t b\u00e9o EE<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n3,5<\/td>\n1,5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nTinh b\u1ed9t<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n62,6<\/td>\n1,9<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nProtein CP<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n8,2<\/td>\n47,7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nX\u01a1 ADF<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n2,9<\/td>\n5,3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M NGU\u1ed2N PROTEIN\u00a0<\/strong>B\u1eb0NG<\/strong>\u00a0KH\u1ea8U PH\u1ea6N \u0102N C\u00c2N B\u1eb0NG ACID AMIN TI\u00caU H\u00d3A H\u1ed2I TR\u00c0NG TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Protein l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng protein v\u00e0 AA l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra con gi\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn nhanh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i con gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con gi\u1ed1ng. S\u01b0\u0323 ti\u00ea\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323 cu\u0309a dinh d\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng v\u00e2\u0323t va\u0300 th\u01b0\u0301c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i la\u0300 ca\u0301c nha\u0300 dinh d\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng kh\u00e2\u0309u ph\u00e2\u0300n \u0103n cho \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng v\u00e2\u0323t b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u \u0111i t\u01b0\u0300 c\u0103n c\u01b0\u0301 va\u0300o protein th\u00f4, protein ti\u00eau ho\u0301a, axi\u0301t amin t\u00f4\u0309ng s\u00f4\u0301 (total amino acid), axi\u0301t amin ti\u00eau ho\u0301a (digestible AA), axi\u0301t amin ti\u00eau ho\u0301a h\u00f4\u0300i tra\u0300ng bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn (apparent ileal digestible amino acid (AID AA) va\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0323n nay la\u0300 axi\u0301t amin ti\u00eau ho\u0301a h\u00f4\u0300i tra\u0300ng ti\u00eau chu\u00e2\u0309n (hay axi\u0301t amin ti\u00eau ho\u0301a h\u00f4\u0300i tra\u0300ng\u00a0 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u chi\u0309nh standardized ileal digestible amino acid \u2013 SID AA).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ax\u00edt amin ti\u00eau h\u00f3a so v\u1edbi ax\u00edt amin t\u1ed5ng do t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Just A. v\u00e0 ctv (1985) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ax\u00edt amin ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 protein t\u00edch l\u0169y trong th\u00e2n th\u1ecbt ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ax\u00edt amin t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y ni t\u01a1 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nu\u00f4i v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o khi cho \u0103n kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ax\u00edt amin t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. Khi so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u00f3a qua ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i tr\u00e0ng, McDonald v\u00e0 ctv (1995) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i h\u1ed3i tr\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ni t\u01a1 h\u1ea5p thu h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a qua ph\u00e2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a h\u1ed3i tr\u00e0ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau h\u00f3a to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n qua ph\u00e2n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng r = 0,76 v\u00e0 0,64), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n protein kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AA ti\u00eau h\u00f3a thay cho AA t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ee9c \u0103n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e3 s\u1eafn thay cho s\u1eafn l\u00e1t, kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9t c\u00e1, DDGS thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng (Lemme et al.,2004). Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AA ti\u00eau h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n AA kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u AA ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ni t\u01a1, t\u00edch l\u0169y protein cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ni t\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i ra ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, r\u00e2\u0301t nhi\u00ea\u0300u n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0 axi\u0301t amin ti\u00eau ho\u0301a h\u00f4\u0300i tra\u0300ng ti\u00eau chu\u00e2\u0309n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n cho l\u1ee3n nh\u0103\u0300m t\u00f4\u0301i \u01b0u ho\u0301a v\u00ea\u0300 nhu c\u00e2\u0300u dinh d\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng va\u0300 t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a ho\u0301a l\u01a1\u0323i nhu\u00e2\u0323n vi\u0300 vi\u00ea\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng SID AA \u00a0se\u0303 ti\u00ea\u0301t ki\u00ea\u0323m nhi\u00ea\u0300u AA h\u01a1n AID AA (gia\u0301 tri\u0323 SID cao h\u01a1n AID do \u0111a\u0303 \u0111o \u0111a\u0323c va\u0300 ti\u0301nh toa\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0301n AA n\u00f4\u0323i sinh c\u01a1 ba\u0309n)\u00a0 ma\u0300 nhu c\u00e2\u0300u dinh d\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng v\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u0111a\u0309m ba\u0309o. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o AA ti\u00eau h\u00f3a h\u1ed3i tr\u00e0ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u AA t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng AA t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n 1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u AA \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng, gi\u1ed1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AA t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p chy\u00ean gia dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n protein th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng AA l\u00e0m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ngu\u1ed3n protein, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c \u0103n, gi\u00fap con v\u1eadt ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, 4 AA t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 l\u00e0 L-Lysine, DL- Methionine, L-Threonine v\u00e0 L-Tryptophan. Nhi\u1ec1u AA kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Valine, isoleucine v\u00e0 Arginine \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (D\u2019Mello, 2003). Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n do nhu c\u1ea7u AA c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba protein v\u00e0 AA.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

3. C\u1ea2I THI\u1ec6N T\u1ef6 L\u1ec6 TI\u00caU H\u00d3A \u0110\u1ec2 GI\u1ea2M TH\u1ea2I CH\u1ea4T DINH D\u01af\u1ee0NG RA PH\u00c2N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u l\u00ean cao v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngu\u1ed3n cung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cao. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c \u0103n, d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i thay kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u0103ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1m m\u1ef3, c\u00e1m g\u1ea1o thay th\u1ebf cho ng\u00f4\u2026 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 x\u01a1 cao. Trong khi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a x\u01a1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n, gia c\u1ea7m c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n do men ti\u00eau h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. \u00a0\u1ede g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf gia c\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t cao, cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 25-30% v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, 20-25% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1, 30-50% ni t\u01a1 v\u00e0 45-55% ph\u1ed1t pho \u0103n v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3i ra qua ph\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u01a1, ph\u1ed1t pho phytic) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, vi sinh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2026). \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao hi\u00eau qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 Arabinoxylan t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n (Rafael Dur\u00e1n Gim\u00e9nez-Rico 2014)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nArabinoxylan t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 (%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ng\u00f4<\/td>\n3,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u00faa m\u1ef3<\/td>\n6,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f3c<\/td>\n8,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u00faa m\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n7,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1m m\u1ef3 tinh<\/td>\n16,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1m m\u1ef3<\/td>\n20,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DDGS Ng\u00f4<\/td>\n12,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n3,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafng\/ng\u1ecdt<\/td>\n6,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n7,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Arabinoxylan t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a trong ru\u1ed9t non \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3n, gia c\u1ea7m cho \u0103n kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u Arabinoxylan s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n