{"id":7773,"date":"2025-06-10T09:56:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T02:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/?p=7773"},"modified":"2025-06-10T09:56:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T02:56:14","slug":"v-ai-tro-cua-dinh-duong-trong-viec-chong-nong-cho-vat-nuoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/news\/v-ai-tro-cua-dinh-duong-trong-viec-chong-nong-cho-vat-nuoi\/","title":{"rendered":"V ai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng n\u00f3ng cho v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stress nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh l\u00fd n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 stress nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, bao g\u1ed3m stress oxy h\u00f3a, m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a stress nhi\u1ec7t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (St-Pierre, Cobanov, & Schnitkey, 2003). Stress nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i sinh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do gi\u1ea3m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eefa, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong (Lacetera, 2019).<\/p>\n

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Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a stress nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, can thi\u1ec7p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a stress nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

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2. C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Sinh L\u00fd C\u1ee7a Stress Nhi\u1ec7t \u1ede V\u1eadt Nu\u00f4i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (homeothermy). Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng stress nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n sinh l\u00fd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

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2.1. Stress Oxy h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a stress nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (Reactive Oxygen Species \u2013 ROS) nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1c superoxide (O2\u22c5\u2212\u200b), g\u1ed1c hydroxyl (\u22c5OH) v\u00e0 hydrogen peroxide (H2\u200bO2\u200b) (Beltagy, 2021). S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ROS n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong ty th\u1ec3. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ROS v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trung h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i sinh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: enzyme superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng stress oxy h\u00f3a s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 lipid (peroxy h\u00f3a lipid m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o), protein (bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein) v\u00e0 DNA (\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen), l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 (Lykkesfeldt & Svendsen, 2007).<\/p>\n

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2.2. M\u1ea5t C\u00e2n B\u1eb1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i b\u1ecb stress nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (th\u1edf nhanh, th\u1edf h\u1ed5n h\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i (\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Kali (K+), Natri (Na+) v\u00e0 Clo (Cl\u2212) (Abeni & Galli, 2017). Th\u1edf nhanh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m ki\u1ec1m h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p do m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u carbon dioxide (CO2\u200b), l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i pH m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u enzyme c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy c\u1ee7a hemoglobin. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh c\u01a1, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

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2.3. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Stress nhi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, protein v\u00e0 lipid.<\/p>\n

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Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>\u00a0V\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n thu nh\u1eadn (Dry Matter Intake \u2013 DMI) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t (nhi\u1ec7t gia t\u0103ng sau \u0103n \u2013 heat increment). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho duy tr\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean do c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c sinh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao (Baumgard & Rhoads, 2013). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, stress nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hormone li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 insulin v\u00e0 cortisol.<\/p>\n

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Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a protein:<\/strong>\u00a0Stress nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng d\u1ecb h\u00f3a protein c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p axit amin cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p glucose (gluconeogenesis) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c protein ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u01a1 b\u1eafp, tuy\u1ebfn v\u00fa), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m (Sanz Fernandez et al., 2015).<\/p>\n

C<\/strong><\/p>\n

huy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lipid:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng ester h\u00f3a (NEFA) trong m\u00e1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng oxy h\u00f3a NEFA \u1edf gan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf b\u00f2 s\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

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2.4. R\u1ed1i Lo\u1ea1n Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Ru\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Stress nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, do m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi stress oxy h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t (h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \u201cr\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ru\u1ed9t\u201d \u2013 leaky gut) (Gabler et al., 2018). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 (lipopolysaccharide \u2013 LPS) t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m trong l\u00f2ng ru\u1ed9t x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a stress nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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3. Can Thi\u1ec7p Dinh D\u01b0\u1ee1ng Gi\u1ea3m Thi\u1ec3u Stress Nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u stress nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t do stress g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

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3.1. Cung C\u1ea5p Ch\u1ea5t Ch\u1ed1ng Oxy H\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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B\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi stress oxy h\u00f3a do nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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Vitamin E v\u00e0 Selen (Se):<\/strong>\u00a0Vitamin E l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a tan trong lipid, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh peroxy h\u00f3a lipid. Selen l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), m\u1ed9t enzyme quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i sinh. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa vitamin E v\u00e0 Se th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng (Sahin et al., 2002).<\/p>\n

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Vitamin C (Axit Ascorbic):<\/strong>\u00a0Vitamin C l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o vitamin E v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vitamin C, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n stress nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u gia t\u0103ng (McKee & Harrison, 1995).<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u1ebdm (Zn), \u0110\u1ed3ng (Cu) v\u00e0 Mangan (Mn) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c enzyme ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 superoxide dismutase (SOD).<\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (Phytochemicals):<\/strong>\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 polyphenol (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: flavonoid, tannin), carotenoid (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u03b2-carotene, lycopene) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu stress nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i (Akbarian et al., 2016).<\/p>\n

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3.2. B\u1ed5 Sung Ch\u1ea5t \u0110i\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t Th\u1ea9m Th\u1ea5u<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u0111i qua m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1edf nhanh, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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Kali (<\/strong>K+), Natri (<\/strong>Na+) v\u00e0 Clo (<\/strong>Cl\u2212):<\/strong>\u00a0T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c cation n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh c\u01a1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, K+ r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 cation n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n stress nhi\u1ec7t (Sanchez et al., 1994). C\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cation-anion trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n (Dietary Cation-Anion Difference \u2013 DCAD) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a pH m\u00e1u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m ki\u1ec1m h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

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Betaine:<\/strong>\u00a0Betaine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t osmolyte h\u1eefu c\u01a1, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n stress th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t cho methyl, tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 carnitine v\u00e0 creatine, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Attia et al., 2009).<\/p>\n

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3.3. \u0110i\u1ec1u Ch\u1ec9nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Protein Trong Kh\u1ea9u Ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t gia t\u0103ng sau \u0103n (Heat Increment):<\/strong>\u00a0\u01afu ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o (c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n carbohydrate v\u00e0 protein) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (Palmquist & Jenkins, 2017). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh b\u1ed5 sung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a x\u01a1.<\/p>\n

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T\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng:<\/strong>\u00a0Do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n thu nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, protein, vitamin, kho\u00e1ng) trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng axit amin:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lysine v\u00e0 methionine, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ecb h\u00f3a protein c\u01a1 b\u1eafp. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit amin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a protein.<\/p>\n

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3.4. S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Ph\u1ee5 Gia Th\u1ee9c \u0102n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a stress nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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Probiotics v\u00e0 Prebiotics:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i (probiotics) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (prebiotics) gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 (Deng et al., 2012).<\/p>\n

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Axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1:<\/strong>\u00a0B\u1ed5 sung axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: axit citric, axit fumaric) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, h\u1ea5p thu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

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Niacin (Vitamin B3):<\/strong>\u00a0Niacin c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t (Zimbelman et al., 2010).<\/p>\n

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Men (Yeast cultures):<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m men c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ea1 c\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nhai l\u1ea1i, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a x\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pH d\u1ea1 c\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n thu nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m do stress nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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3.5. \u0110\u1ea3m B\u1ea3o Ngu\u1ed3n N\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 M\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

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N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n stress nhi\u1ec7t. Nhu c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, m\u00e1t (l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 < 25\u00b0C) v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ecdi l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

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4. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Stress nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. Can thi\u1ec7p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh l\u00fd n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 protein, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu stress nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (precision nutrition), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho t\u1eebng lo\u00e0i, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nu\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gen c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm stress nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stress nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i … \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":7774,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,89],"tags":[1059,1058,802,125],"class_list":["post-7773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news","tag-chong-nong-cho-ga","tag-chong-nong-cho-vat-nuoi","tag-stress-nhiet","tag-thuoc-thu-y"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7773"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7775,"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7773\/revisions\/7775"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apanano.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}